Conférence plénière 1

Design of nanomaterials for energy harvesting and storage: Modeling and Simulation

Pr. Abdelilah BEN YOUSSEF

 Abdelilah Benyoussef received his “Doctorat d’état” degree from the Paris-Sud University in 1983. He is a permanent member of the Moroccan Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology, since 2006. He is National coordinator of the Competences Pole of Condensed Matter and Systems Modeling. He is also editor in chief of the Moroccan Journal of Condensed Matter. He is President of the Moroccan Society of Statistical Physics and Condensed Matter. The main interest topics of Abdelilah Benyoussef are Ab initio calculation and Monte carlo method in modeling and simulation of new materials for renewable energy; Magnetism and phase transition in condensed matter; complex systems and critical self-organization in statistical physics. He is a co-author of more than 400 research publications and book chapters and about 100 conference presentations including numerous invited papers and talks. He has co-chaired or co-organized several international conferences. He holds a number of patents and supervised 40 postgraduate research candidates.

Abstract

 Modeling and simulation are very effective and valuable approaches to understand, interpret and predict the behavior of systems. They are complementary to the experience and can even guide it, to study and investigate materials and devices which might be expensive and time consuming to fabricate.

The simulation cover a large scale; from the microscopic scale with ab initio calculation and density functional theory, to the mesoscopic scale with molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation, to the scale of continuous media with the Finite elements methods.

Modeling and simulation are used extensively in science and engineering. They play a very important role in materials science, in particular for the design of new materials and nanomaterials for application in a wide variety of fields ; In energy conversion and storage, in magnetic and electrical refrigeration, in spintronics and valleytronics, etc. The majority of these themes are studied in different laboratories of Moroccan universities.

In this presentation I will focus on the conversion and storage of energy. In particular, on hydrogen as energy carrier. The mainly used method, for the design of new materials and nanomaterials, is the density functional theory which is a powerful method based on quantum mechanics. Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo Simulation, are used to calculate the properties of these materials and nanomaterials under their operating conditions.

For hydrogen to be a clean energy vector, it must be produced from renewable energies by processes that do not release greenhouse gases. These processes include: - electrolysis by photovoltaic, by thermal solar concentrating (CSP) and by wind turbine - Thermolysis and thermochemistry by concentrated solar energy - or photo-electrolysis by photovoltaic and solar thermal with concentration. Photocatalysis is one of the most promising processes for the hydrogen production from renewable energies.

The main process in solid state hydrogen storage is the interaction between the hydrogen and the surface of the storage medium. Because of their enormous surface area, nanostructured materials can enhance the efficiency of this process and hence improve the storage capabilities. Various efforts have been made to enhance the hydrogen storage properties.

In this presentation, particular attention will be paid to the design of new nanomaterials for the two applications mentioned above; hydrogen production and storage. In particular, two-dimensional materials like phosphorene the phosphorus-based graphene analogue, silegraphene, borographene, 2D magnesium hydride, Beryllium Carbideand other nanomaterials.

Plenary Conférence 2

III-V monolithic integration for optoelectronic devices and new developments on 2D materials

Pr. Thierry BARON

 Dr. Thierry Baron, is research director at CNRS. He is currently headed the “Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microelectronique” (LTM) located on the CEA-LETI’s site. During his career has mainly worked on nanomaterials elaboration and integration in micro and opto electronics devices. Since 2018, he drives a program on “sustainable nanoelectronics “NEED for IoT” in the framework of IDEX Université Grenoble Alpes.

Abstract

The last twenty years have shown an impressive increase of the number of connected objects. Grouped under the generic term of Internet of Things (IoT) those connected devices are based on data acquisition, analysis, transfer and storage. To respond to these needs, an important development was done to increase the number of functionalities integrated in microelectronic chips. All those developed devices consume an important amount of energy and raw materials. The microelectronics industry is mostly based on silicon material, but III-V semiconductors which exhibit most of the time a direct band gap and better carrier mobilities are considered for CMOS co-integration.

In this contribution, we will review the different technologies compatible with large-scale integration of III-V semiconductors. We will present our latest developments on direct heteroepitaxy of As and P based compounds on Si for optoelectronic applications. A prospective solution using few monolayers of 2D materials monochalcogenides will be discussed.

This work was supported by the French government managed by ANR, IRT Nanoelec ANR-10-IRT-05, ANR-15-IDEX-02 and LabEx Minos ANR-10-LABX-55-01

Plenary Conférence 3

Composants microélectronique à base de GaN

GaN based Microelectronic compounds

Pr. Hassan MAHER

Hassan Maher, received the Ph.D. degrees in integrated micro-and opto-electronics and sensors from University Paris XI. In 1996 he joined the CNET, Bagneux, France, working on the growth of InP HEMT by MOCVD and design, implementation and characterization of InP composite channel HFETs for PIN-HEMT circuits. In 2000 he joined the CSDL at Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada, working on AlGaN/GaN microwave field-effect power transistors. In 2001 he joined PerkinElmer-Optoelectronics, QC, Canada, working on the development of the PIN-HBT circuits. In 2003 he joined OMMIC, Limeil-Brevannes (Paris), France, leading the R&D division, working on FP7, ESA, ANR and other national projects dealing with RF MMICs based on HEMTs (InP, GaAs, Metamorphic, Pseudomorphic and GaN), RITD (diode) and HBTs. Since 2012 he is a professor at the Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada and a member of the Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS-UMI-3463, Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT). His research is focused on advanced fabrication processes of III-V (GaAs, InP, GaN) devices and circuits.

Abstract

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a III-V material with high band gap and high electron velocity. These two key parameters allow this material to answer different market and research needs in terms of high power and RF applications. Even if development of GaN dates back to the late 90’s, it is still seen as a new and promising material. This is mainly due to the fact that the current material quality remains below the standards of the more established III-V materials (GaAs, InP). This can be seen by the traps densities and crystal quality located at the active layer, which will directly affect the electrical performance stability of the device. Consequently, the introduction of GaN in the market is proceeding more slowly than first expected. The device engineers are nonetheless working hard to introduce different concepts to minimize or to avoid the impact of the GaN crystal quality and defect density on the electrical stability and the reliability of the device. On other hand, for high power GaN device, self-heating during operation is a crucial parameter that can influence the carrier trapping and detrapping, which directly affects, among other, the drain current, the pinch-off voltage, and the dynamic ON-resistance « Ron » of the device. All these issues are addressed by LN2 research group working on GaN based devices and will be summarized in this presentation.

Plenary Conférence 4

Harvesting the Blue Energy using Paper-based Microfluidics

Pr. Laurent A. FRANCIS

Prof. Laurent A. Francis, received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from UCL in 2001 and 2006, respectively. His research interests are related to co-integrated, ultra-low power CMOS MEMS sensors for biomedical applications and environmental sensing. He was previously researcher at IMEC in Leuven, Belgium, in the field of acoustic and optical biosensors and piezoelectric RF-MEMS, and a visiting professor at Université de Sherbrooke, Canada.  He is author or co-author of more than 150 scientific articles and holds five patents.

Abstract

Sustainably harvesting energy for low-power electronics and sensor nodes benefits from several innovative approaches to progressively replace bulky electrochemical batteries, leading to more autonomous and fully portable devices. For instance, electromechanical, photovoltaics or electrochemical microgenerators have been developed, all with their own advantages and inconvenient. Meanwhile, the questions of durability and environmental footprint of these devices are getting more and more pregnant and receives naturally an increasing attention. In this work, we address a low-cost practical embodiment for harvesting the so-called blue energy, also known as osmotic power or salinity gradient, that results from the mixing of electrolytes with different salinity concentrations. The power harvesting results from a modified microfluidic paper-based electrochemical setting, we provide here a comprehensive analysis and the optimization of their performances.

Plenary Conférence 5

Decorated nano-carbon gas sensor array for pollutant detection

Pr. Adnane ABDELGHANI

Plenary Conférence 6

Procédés de transfert mécanique de composants III-N pour l’ingénierie de substrats basé sur l’utilisation de h-BN : applications à l’hétéro-intégration et à la réalisation de dispositifs flexibles.

Pr. Jean Paul SALVESTRINI

Jean-Paul Salvestrini is Professor at Georgia Tech Lorraine. He is working on GaN materials and devices. In this frame, his main achievements are the realization of high gain and low dark current UV photodetectors and gas sensors using BGaN/GaN superlattices or AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures. He is now focusing his work on  the implementation of GaN-based devices transfer onto different kind of substrates. He has published over 130 papers in international journals and conferences and has been involved in 5 ANR projects (he is currently leading the INMOST ANR project), 2 projects of the Ganex LABEX program, and several projects in the frame of the IDEX-ISITE LUE program

Plenary Conférence 7

 Defects at the High-k/InGaAs System

Pr. Karim CHARKAOUI

 Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland 

Abstract

In the Si/SiO₂ metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) system, the methods developed to investigate defects generally use the capacitance voltage (CV) and conductance voltage (GV) characterisation techniques which attribute any divergence from the ideal CV and GV characteristics mostly to the presence interface state defects [1]. For the high-k/III-V system, the situation is however quite different as the thermal budget constraints associated with the processing of III-V semiconductor devices prohibit the use of high temperature thermal treatments to reduce defect densities in the high-k. The methodology developed in this work relies on fully physics based simulations of MOS CV and GV, including inelastic tunnelling from the semiconductor to localized defects in the oxide [2] to reproduce the experimental multi-frequency CV and GV characteristics. The results will show that the simulations are able to reproduce the room temperature experimental data (both CV and GV) of Al₂O₃/InGaAs MOS structures in all bias regions. This new method can extract precisely the energy and spatial profiles of electrically active oxide defects away from the interface. The temperature dependence of the multi-frequency CV and GV response will be also discussed.

Plenary Conférence 8

Green Hydrogen as an Energy and Matter Carrier

Pr. Youssef Naimi

Professor Youssef Naimi, Research Area Electrochemistry, Fuel Cells, Renewables Energies and Materials.

Education:

January 2006: Highest Title (Doctorat d’Etat) at Hassan II University of Casablanca, Faculty of Science
Ben-M'sik; Option: Chemistry; Specialty: Electrochemistry.
October 1994: PhD at Pierre & Marie University Paris VI, France; Option: Chemistry; Specialty:
Electrochemistry.
Responsibilities:
– Head of the department of Chemistry, Faculty of science Ben M’sik
– Responsible for the Specialized Master "Renewable Energy and material".
– Vice-president of association SMADER (Société Marocaine de développement des énergies Renouvelables), 2013.
– Treasurer of association MSDD (Maroc Sciences et Développement Durable), since 2014.
– Coordinator of the option "Chemistry of the Environment" License Materials Science Chemistry (SMC), 2009-2015.
– Member of the Governing board of the Faculty of Science Ben M'sik, 2009-2012.
– Member of the College of Chemistry Department, 2009-2012.
– Co-responsible of the program 'fuel cell' of the scientific cooperation project AUF (2005-2007).
– Member of the “Network of Users of the cavity microelectrode” since 2003.
AREAS OF EXPERTISE
– Energy: Renewable energy: fuel cells, solar, wind, biomass energy, gravitational energy, tidal energy...,
electrochemical generators: Fuel cells, batteries (Ni-Cd, Pb-PbSO 4 , Lithium Ion ...), alkaline battery ..., Electrolysis of
water (hydrogen production).
– Corrosion: Study of the corrosion of different systems, Analysis and Quality Control, Consulting and study of the
impact on the environment.
– Chemistry and para-chemistry: Electro-organic synthesis, Qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemicals,
Consulting and study of the impact on the environment.
– Environment and Sustainable Development: Environmental Chemistry, Impact Assessment, Climate change and
energy, Waste management.
PUBLICATIONS
Youssef Naimi, Book: Piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de Protons (PEMFC), Edition Universitaire Européenne,
2012, ISBN: 978-3-8417-8846-7
Youssef Naimi and Amal Antar, Chapter: Hydrogen Generation by Water Electrolysis, IntechOpen, 2018-06-09,
http://www.intechopen.com/download/pdf/pdfs_id/60944.
1. El Khattabi, E.H.; Mourid, E.H.; Belaaouad, S.; Naimi, Y., Layered double hydroxide nanomaterial as highly efficient
adsorbent and its recycling after removal of a carcinogenic tartrazine dye from wastewater, Biointerface Research in
Applied Chemistry, 2022, volume 12, 6, pages 7725-7740.
2. Belghiti, M.E.; Benhiba, F.; Benzbiria, N.; Lai, C.-H; Echihi, S.; Salah, M.; Zeroual, A.; Karzazi, Y.; Tounsi, A.;
Abbiche, K.; Belaaouad, S.; Elalaoui-Elabdallaoui, H. and Naimi, Y. Performance of triazole derivatives as potential
corrosion in-hibitors for mild steel in a strong phosphoric acid medium: Combining experimental and computational
(DFT, MDs \& QSAR) approaches; Journal of Molecular Structure; 2022; volume 1256.
3. Khattabi, E.H.E.; Rachdi, Y.; Bassam, R.; Mourid, E.H.; Naimi, Y.; Alouani, M.E. and Belaaouad, S.; Enhanced
Elimination of Methyl Orange and Recycling of an Eco-Friendly Adsorbent Activated Carbon from Aqueous
Solution; Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B; 2021; volume 15; pages S149-S159.
4. Saouti, F., Charquaoui, A., Naimi, Y., Physico-chemical factors conditioning the electronic conduction of conductive
polymers, E3S Web of Conferences, 2021, 229, 01058.
5. Kdider, C., Messous, M.Y., Tahri, M., Naimi, Y., Moutaabbid, M., Effect of Mg Substitution on Structure and the
Electrochemical Properties of MnWo 4 , Proceedings of 2019 7 th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Conference, IRSEC 2019, 2019, 9078234.
6. Saghir, M., Naimi, Y., Energy Recovery from Waste in Fez city (Morocco), Proceedings of 2019 International
Conference of Computer Science and Renewable Energies, ICCSRE 2019, 2019, 8807644.
7. Saghir, M., Naimi, Y., Belaaouad, S., Technologies for converting waste into electrical and thermal energy in Fez city
(Morocco), 2019 International Conference on Wireless Technologies, Embedded and Intelligent Systems, WITS 2019,
2019, doi:10.1109/wits.2019.8723727.
8. Hamham, S., Naimi, Y., Physico-chemical characterization, structuration and morphology of photo-active
heterojunction (P3ht-Pcbm) used in organic photovoltaic cells, Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and
Control Systems, 2019, 11(5 Special Issue), pp. 1762–1771.
9. Hbilate, Z., Naimi, Y., Takky, D., Modelling operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells - A brief review of
current status, Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019, 13, pp. 889–898.

10. Y. Naimi, M. Saghir, A. Cherqaoui, B. Chatre, Energetic recovery of biomass in the region of Rabat, Morocco,
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 42, Issue 2, (2017), Pages 1396–1402.

Abstract

Currently, 80% of energy is produced through the combustion of fossil fuels or the nuclear fission of uranium 235. Despite the persistent pandemic-induced supply chain challenges, renewable capacity additions in 2021 increased 6% and broke another record, reaching almost 295 GW. Globally, the 17% decline in annual wind capacity additions in 2021 was offset by an increase in solar PV and growth in hydropower installations. The expansion of bioenergy, concentrated solar power (CSP) and geothermal was stable in 2021 compared with 2020. Renewable energies need storage systems because of their intermittence character. The characteristics of storage means are: energy capacity, state of charge, depth of discharge, maximum power, time constant, … For this object, hydrogen is a good candidate. Hydrogen is increasingly being recognized as an important carrier to store energy generated by renewable resources. Hydrogen can be produced from gasification of biomass, from solar photoelectrochemistry, from photovoltaic, wind or Hydraulic and electrolysis, or from thermochemical cycle. Solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) production, could be more energy efficient than producing hydrogen using the more common electrolysis method. STCH is based on a two-step chemical process where metal oxides are exposed to temperatures of more than 1,400 °C before they are re-oxidized with steam at lower temperatures to make hydrogen. The big Players in the hydrogen technologies are: Plug Power Inc., Cummins Inc., FuelCell Energy Inc., Bloom Energy, …

Plenary Conférence 9

300mm platform technologies for photonic and innovative optical sensors applications

Pr. Stephane MONFRAY

Stéphane Monfray graduated as an engineer in 1999 from the National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA Lyon). He joined STMicroelectronics and received in 2002 his PhD degree in microelectronics from University Aix- Marseille in collaboration with STMicroelectronics. At present, Stephane Monfray is Senior Engineer at STMicroelectronics and associated Professor at Université de Sherbrooke, Canada. With more than 20 years of experience in advanced technologies he has a large portfolio of activities dedicated to advanced technological projects (advanced CMOS technologies, energy harvesting, sensors for IoT, advanced photonic devices for new sensing applications, optical filters and RF switches). He co-founded several joint laboratories with academic partners (UMI-LN2, INL), and also co-founded the innovation laboratory (f@STlab) of ST-Crolles where he facilitates the workshops to support innovative projects. He is author or co-author of about 150 publications and 60 patents.

Abstract

 The objective of this presentation is to present how 300mm technologies developed for Si-photonics datacom have been adapted for sensors applications like LIDAR (Optical Phased Array at 1550nm & 905nm), optical gyroscopes and environmental sensors. In addition, innovative technologies based on glass wafer process for metasurfaces integration are explored for new optical functions applications (like optical filters), and the presentation will also open the thematic on the implementation of phase change materials to introduce new functionalities in optical applications, thank to dynamic optical index modulation.

Plenary Conférence 10

Mammography using Microwaves: Is it possible?

Microwave applied to energy transfert and cancer detection

Pr. Omar RAMAHI

Omar M. Ramahi (Fellow, IEEE) was born in Jerusalem, Palestine. He received the B.S. degrees (Highest Hons.) in mathematics and electrical and computer engineering from Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, in 1984, and the MS and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Illinois, USA, in 1986 and 1990. He was with Digital Equipment Corporation (presently HP), USA, where he was a member of the Alpha Server Product Development Group. In 2000, he joined the Faculty of the James Clark School of Engineering, the University of Maryland at College Park, MD, USA, as an Assistant Professor and later as a tenured Associate Professor, where he was also a Faculty Member of the CALCE Electronic Products and Systems Center. He is currently a Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada. He has authored and coauthored over 480 journal and conference technical articles on topics related to the electromagnetic phenomena and computational techniques. He has coauthored the book EMI/EMC Computational Modeling Handbook (first edition: Kluwer, 1998, Second Ed: Springer-Verlag, 2001. Japanese edition published in 2005). Prof. Ramahi received the 2004 University of Maryland Pi Tau Sigma Purple Cam Shaft Award. He received the Excellent Paper Award from the 2004 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Sendai, Japan, and the 2010 University of Waterloo Award for Excellence in Graduate Supervision. In 2012, he was a recipient of the IEEE EMC Society Technical Achievement Award

Abstract:Mammography using Microwaves: Is it possible?

This work proposes the use of a breast screening modality that is highly similar to X-ray mammography but using low-power non-ionizing microwaves.  Specifically, instead of the X-ray film, a metasurface film is used to capture an impression of the breast when illuminated by a low-power non-ionizing microwaves source. The fundamental principle of this technique relies on using a metasurface structure as a sheet to absorb the transmitted electromagnetic energy through the breast. An image that correlates to the composition of the breast is reconstructed by recording the microwaves power impression on the metasurface. Numerical experiments were carried out on numerical breast phantom, demonstrating the viability of the proposed method. The advantages of this new imaging modality is that it provides benign non-invasive breast screening for women at a cost significantly lower than traditional screening modalities such as CT Scan, MRI and X-ray mammography.

Plenary Conférence 11

Synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials for sensor applications

Pr. Abdelhafid TALEB

Dr. Abdelhafed Taleb is an associate professor at Sorbonne University in the “Institut de recherche de Chimie Paris” (IRCP / ENSCP), where he is leading the group “Elaboration and Modelling of Nanostructred Films” group. He received his PhD diploma in nanomaterials science from UPMC in Paris in 1998. During his PhD, he pointed out collective’s properties due to nanoparticles organization. In 2000, he joined the UPMC, where he worked on the synthesis of inorganic-organic hybrid nanomaterials and the development of new strategies to assemble them in different structures of coating. Since 2009, he leads the group focusing on the design of nanostructured films with novel architectures and their applications in different areas such as electrochemical sensing, self-cleaning (superhydrophobic) coating, photovoltaic (DSSC), batteries, anticorrosion coating, magnetic storage supports etc … He has more than 24 years of experience in nanomaterial synthesis, characterizations, the study of their physical properties and their applications. Dr. Abdelhafed TALEB coorganized several international conferences, and is on several journal Editorial Boards, including sensors and Frontiers in Energy Research: nanoenergy technologies and materials. He was awarded the Electrocorr Award in 2005 and nominated for Eni award 2017. In 2019, he was awarded a Bonus for Sorbonne scientific excellence. The research activity carried out by Dr. Abdelhafed TALEB have been cited more than 3834 times (google citations). He is also author of more than 90 presentations at National and International conferences, including plenary and keynotes.

Abstract

 In recent years, the release of toxic substances into the environment and the risk of terrorist attacks pose a serious threat to human life and health and to the balance of our ecosystem. Toxic substances such as pesticides and heavy metals, or toxic gases such as CO, are dangerous above a certain concentration threshold depending on their toxicity, the degree of which depends on their solubility and their ability to be biodegradable. The accumulation of non-biodegradable substances in organisms increases the risk of exceeding their tolerance limit. Therefore, any human contamination, even in traces, can be dangerous. To prevent the risks of these substances, it is urgent to determine their tolerance thresholds and to develop efficient devices for their detection. Different sensors based on various transduction systems have been developed to improve prevention and safety devices. Furthermore, enormous progress in improving the efficiency of sensors in terms of selectivity and detection limit has been made [1-3].

In this presentation, different sensors will be presented [4-7], and their performance will be discussed. Particular attention will be paid to the role of nanomaterials in improving the performance of sensors in terms of limit of detection, selectivity, cyclability etc.

[1] Q. Wan, Q. H. Li, Y. J. Chen, T. H. Wang, X. L. He, J. P. Li, C. L. Lin, Fabrication and ethanol sensing characteristics of ZnO nanowire gas sensors, Applied Physics Letters, 84, (2004), 2654-2656.

[2] N. Barsan, U. Weimar, Conduction model of metal oxide gas sensors, Journal of Electroceramics, 7, (2001), 143-167.

[3] J. Li, Y. J. Lu, Q. Ye, M. Cinke, J. Han, M. Meyyappan, Carbon nanotube sensors for gas and organic vapor detection, Nano Letters, 3, (2003), 929-933.

[4] A. Taleb, X. Yanpeng, D. Portet, P. Dubot,Self-organized gold nanoparticles modified HOPG as new

electrode material for electrochemical nanosensing application,Applied surface science,420, (2017),110-117.

[5] S. Falah, Y. Xue, A. Taleb, Electrochemical sensors performances: The role of specific surface and recognition receptors footprint, Electrochemica Acta, 292(1) (2018) 594-601.

[6] Z. Ait-Touchente, S. Falah, E. Scavetta, M. M. Chehimi, D. Tonelli, A. Taleb, Different Electrochemical Sensor Designs Based on Diazonium Salts and Gold Nanoparticles for Pico Molar Detection of Metals, Molecules, 25 (17), (2020), 3903.

[7] G. Gorokh, N. Bogomazova, A. Taleb, V. Zhylinski, T. Galkovsky, A. Zakhlebayeva, A. Lozovenko, M. Iji, V. Fedosenko, V. Tolstoy, Spatially Ordered Matrix of Nanostructured Tin–Tungsten Oxides Nanocomposites Formed by Ionic Layer Deposition for Gas Sensing, Sensors, 21 (12), (2021), 4169